Who Are The Syrian Democratic Forces Makeup
| Demographics of Syria | |
|---|---|
 Syria population pyramid in 2020[ citation needed ] | |
| Population | twenty,384,316 (CIA World Factbook July 2021 est.)[ commendation needed ] |
| Nationality | |
| Nationality | noun: Syrian(s) describing word: Syrian |
| Language | |
| Official | Arabic |
| Spoken | Kurdish, Turkish, Aramaic (Syriac, Turoyo, Western Neo-Aramaic, Sureth) |
Syria's estimated pre–Syrian Civil War 2011 population was 22 ±.5 [1] one thousand thousand permanent inhabitants, which included 21,124,000 Syrians,[2] as well every bit 1.3 million Iraqi refugees[3] and over 500,000 Palestinians.[3] The war makes an authentic count of the Syrian population difficult, equally the numbers of Syrian refugees,[4] internally displaced Syrians and casualty numbers are in flux. The CIA World Factbook showed an estimated 20.4m people every bit of July 2021.[five] Of the pre-war population, 6 million are refugees outside the state, seven million are internally displaced, three million live in insubordinate-held territory, and 2 one thousand thousand live in the Kurdish-ruled Autonomous Administration of Northward and East Syria.
Well-nigh modernistic-solar day Syrians are described every bit Arabs by virtue of their modern-twenty-four hour period language and bonds to Arab culture and history. Genetically, Syrian Arabs are a variety of diverse Semitic-speaking groups indigenous to the region.[half-dozen] [7] [8] [9] With around ten% of the population, Kurds are the second biggest ethnic group in Syria, followed by Turkmen.
Human cost of Syrian Civil War [edit]
| Pre-war population 22 ±.5; Internally displaced 6 ±.5 , Refugees five.5 ±.5 , Fatalities 0.5 ±.1 (millions) [ citation needed ] | |
| Syrian refugees | |
| Past land | Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey |
| Settlements | Camps: Hashemite kingdom of jordan |
| Internally displaced Syrians | |
| Casualties of the war | |
| Crimes | Homo rights violations, massacres, rape |
| Return of refugees· Refugees as weapons· Prosecution of war criminals | |
Forced displacement [edit]
More than than six million refugees left the land during the civil war,[10] of whom over v 1000000 are registered equally refugees past the UNHCR as of mid-2019.[eleven] Most of them fled to neighboring countries such as Turkey,[12] [13] Lebanon, Jordan,[14] and Iraq,[xv] every bit well equally European nations like Greece, Germany and Sweden. Since 2017, around 49 percent of the Population lives in poverty.[16]
The war resulted in big-scale displacement in the country. The UNHCR estimates internally displaced people (IDPs) at vii million. A further lxx,000 people were trapped on the border with Hashemite kingdom of jordan at Rukban in 2016–xviii,[17] [18] with up to 40,000 still there in 2019.[xix]
A meaning part of the population lives in territory outside government sovereignty. At its peak in 2015, ISIL ruled over ten 1000000 people across Syrian arab republic and Iraq.[20] The Democratic Administration of North and East Syria (NES), commonly referred to as Rojava, has a population of around ii 1000000.[21] Areas controlled by the opposition have had a population in the millions. In mid-2017, Un OCHA estimated that around 540,000 persons were trapped in besieged areas every bit of June 2017, the majority besieged by government forces in Eastern Ghouta.[22] By the fourth dimension the government retook Ghouta in April 2018, some 140,000 individuals had fled their homes and up to 50,000 were evacuated to Idlib and Aleppo governorates.[23] The latter rebel areas had an estimated population of 3 one thousand thousand (xl% of them displaced from defeated rebel areas).[24] [25] Fighting in Idlib has led to further displacements, of up to 250,000 people, and generating new refugee outflows to neighbouring Turkey.[26]
Displacement has led to demographic shifts. I example is the area in the Due north under control by Kurdish-led and US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF). Many homo rights groups, including Amnesty International[27] and international organizations[28] [29] take accused SDF forces of committing ethnic cleansing in Arab areas they were capturing from other war factions.[xxx] The accusation was repeated on 8 May 2019 by Russian federation's foreign minister Sergey Lavrov.[31] NGOs and the opposition have besides accused the authorities of using the conflict to affect demographic restructuring.[32] [33] [34] [35]
Birth-expiry rate [edit]
In April 2016, the UN estimated that 400,000 people had died in the war,[36] and casualties have connected since, with estimates for the total dead by mid-2019 of upwardly to 220,000 civilians, 175,000 government combatants, and 174,000 anti-government combatants (run across Casualties of the Syrian Ceremonious War).
Population [edit]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 14,000,000 | — |
| 500 | 23,000,000 | +64.3% |
| thousand | 1,060,000 | −95.iv% |
| 1500 | 107,000 | −89.9% |
| 1700 | 430,000 | +301.ix% |
| 1800 | 860,000 | +100.0% |
| 1900 | ane,720,000 | +100.0% |
| 1937 | two,368,000 | +37.seven% |
| 1950 | 3,252,000 | +37.3% |
| 1960 | 4,565,000 | +40.4% |
| 1970 | 6,305,000 | +38.1% |
| 1980 | 8,704,000 | +38.0% |
| 1990 | 12,116,000 | +39.2% |
| 1995 | fourteen,186,000 | +17.ane% |
| 2004 | 17,921,000 | +26.3% |
| 2011 | 21,124,000 | +17.9% |
| 2016 | 17,185,000 | −18.6% |
| 2017 | 18,029,549 | +iv.9% |
| Source:[37] [38] 2016 estimate[39] | ||
| | This department needs to be updated. (December 2018) |
Population history of Syria
Since 1960, censuses have been conducted in 1960, 1970, 1981, 1994 and 2004.[xl]
In 2014, 17,951,639, a massive decline due to nearly 4 one thousand thousand Syrian refugees leaving the country because of the Syrian Civil War and furthermore considering of the decease in the war. This is a drop of 9.7% from the previous yr.[41]
In 2017, the head of the Syrian Commission for Family Affairs, Mohammad Akram al-Qash, said that the Syrian population was 28 million, of which, 21 million were living in Syria and that 7 one thousand thousand were refugees.[42]
In 2018, nineteen,454,263 estimated.[43]
Age structure [edit]
| Population pyramid | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|
| 0–14 | 3,132,619 | 2,974,394 |
| 15–24 | 1,933,185 | 1,863,991 |
| 25–54 | iii,807,664 | 3,829,150 |
| 55–64 | 531,455 | 542,738 |
| 65+ | 379,360 | 379,360 |
| Population pyramid | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|
| 0–fourteen | 4,044,000 | 6,281,000 |
| 15–64 | 6,281,000 | 6,126,000 |
| 65+ | 469,000 | 389,000 |
| (2011-07-01) (Estimates, including Palestinian refugees)[44] | ||||
| Age Group | Male person | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | ten 794 000 | 10 330 000 | 21 124 000 | 100 |
| 0-4 | 1 428 000 | 1 347 000 | ii 775 000 | thirteen.fourteen |
| five-9 | 1 384 000 | 1 270 000 | 2 654 000 | 12.56 |
| x-14 | ane 232 000 | i 198 000 | ii 430 000 | eleven.50 |
| xv-19 | 1 191 000 | 1 088 000 | ii 279 000 | 10.79 |
| 20-24 | i 035 000 | 944 000 | 1 979 000 | 9.37 |
| 25-29 | 864 000 | 873 000 | 1 737 000 | 8.22 |
| 30-34 | 674 000 | 697 000 | 1 371 000 | 6.49 |
| 35-39 | 601 000 | 628 000 | 1 229 000 | 5.82 |
| 40-44 | 545 000 | 551 000 | i 096 000 | 5.19 |
| 45-49 | 437 000 | 433 000 | 870 000 | 4.12 |
| fifty-54 | 387 000 | 405 000 | 792 000 | 3.75 |
| 55-59 | 293 000 | 280 000 | 573 000 | 2.71 |
| 60-64 | 254 000 | 227 000 | 481 000 | 2.28 |
| 65+ | 469 000 | 389 000 | 858 000 | 4.06 |
| Historic period group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–xiv | 4 044 000 | 3 815 000 | 7 859 000 | 37.20 |
| 15–64 | 6 281 000 | half-dozen 126 000 | 12 407 000 | 58.73 |
| 65+ | 469 000 | 389 000 | 858 000 | 4.06 |
Median age [edit]
This data is from CIA Earth Factbook:[43]
total: 24.5 years
male: 24 years
female: 25 years (2018 est.)
Population decline rate [edit]
This data is from CIA World Factbook:[43]
0.797% (2012 est.)
Birth rate [edit]
This data is from CIA World Factbook:[43]
20.7 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)
Death rate [edit]
This information is from CIA Globe Factbook:[43]
4 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)
Net migration charge per unit [edit]
This information is from CIA Globe Factbook:[43]
57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.)
Sex ratio [edit]
This information is from CIA Globe Factbook:[43]
at nativity: i.06 male(s)/female person
0–14 years: 1.05 male person(south)/female
15–24 years: 1.03 male person(s)/female
25–54 years: 0.99 male person(s)/female
55–64 years: 0.98 male person(s)/female person
65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female person
full population: one.01 male(s)/female person (2017 est.)
Demographic statistics [edit]
Un estimates[45]
| Period | Alive births per year | Deaths per twelvemonth | Natural modify per year | CBR1 | CDR1 | NCone | TFR1 | IMRone |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950–1955 | 187 000 | 75 000 | 112 000 | 51.2 | 20.5 | 30.vi | seven.23 | 180.1 |
| 1955–1960 | 212 000 | 77 000 | 136 000 | 50.i | 18.one | 32.0 | seven.38 | 150.5 |
| 1960–1965 | 241 000 | 76 000 | 165 000 | 48.5 | 15.3 | 33.3 | vii.54 | 121.8 |
| 1965–1970 | 275 000 | 74 000 | 201 000 | 46.eight | 12.5 | 34.2 | 7.56 | 98.8 |
| 1970–1975 | 322 000 | lxx 000 | 252 000 | 46.3 | 10.1 | 36.2 | 7.54 | 77.3 |
| 1975–1980 | 373 000 | 69 000 | 304 000 | 45.iv | 8.iii | 37.0 | 7.32 | 63.1 |
| 1980–1985 | 417 000 | 66 000 | 351 000 | 42.8 | half-dozen.7 | 36.1 | 6.77 | 49.9 |
| 1985–1990 | 440 000 | 61 000 | 379 000 | 38.4 | 5.iii | 33.1 | 5.87 | 36.2 |
| 1990–1995 | 441 000 | 58 000 | 383 000 | 33.3 | four.iii | 28.9 | 4.80 | 26.1 |
| 1995–2000 | 447 000 | 58 000 | 389 000 | 29.7 | 3.8 | 25.viii | 3.96 | 20.8 |
| 2000–2005 | 451 000 | 62 000 | 389 000 | 26.2 | 3.half-dozen | 22.vi | iii.39 | 17.4 |
| 2005–2010 | 465 000 | 69 000 | 396 000 | 23.ix | iii.5 | xx.four | 3.10 | xv.0 |
| 1 CBR = crude nascency charge per unit (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per grand); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = babe mortality rate per k births | ||||||||
Fertility Source:[46]
| Name | TFR (2009) |
|---|---|
| Aleppo | 3.2 |
| Damascus | 2.six |
| Daraa | 5.2 |
| Deir ez-Zor | six.9 |
| Hama | 3.iii |
| Al-Hasakah | 3.5 |
| Homs | 3.1 |
| Idlib | 4.8 |
| Latakia | ii.two |
| Quneitra | 3.8 |
| Raqqa | v |
| Rif Dimashq | 3.three |
| Al-Suwayda | 2.i |
| Tartus | two.3 |
| Syrian arab republic | three.five |
Marital fertility rate Source:[46]
| Proper name | MFR (2009) |
|---|---|
| Aleppo | 5.four |
| Damascus | iv.7 |
| Daraa | 7.3 |
| Deir ez-Zor | 10.2 |
| Hama | 6.vi |
| Al-Hasakah | 6.8 |
| Homs | 5.nine |
| Idlib | 7.seven |
| Latakia | 4.5 |
| Quneitra | half-dozen.5 |
| Raqqa | 7.ix |
| Rif Dimashq | 5.4 |
| Al-Suwayda | 4 |
| Tartus | 4.viii |
| Syria | half dozen |
Life expectancy at nativity
This information is from CIA World Factbook:[43]
full: 75.2 years
male: 72.eight years
female: 77.eight years (2018 est.)
Population centers [edit]
Population centers as of 2004[47] six,133,652 Syrians among 17,921,000 total population live in the offset 10: (one) Aleppo two,132,100 (2) Damascus 1,711,000 (3) Homs 652,609 (4) Latakia 383,786 (5) Hama 312,994 (6) Raqqa 220,488 (7) Deir ez-Zor 211,857 (8) Al-Hasakah 188,160 (9) Qamishli 184,231 (ten) Sayyidah Zaynab 136,427
threescore% of the population lives in the Aleppo Governorate, the Euphrates valley or along the coastal obviously; a fertile strip between the littoral mountains and the desert. Overall population density is about 118.three inhabitants per square kilometre (306/sq mi). Cities and towns during the Syrian Civil War
| Largest cities or towns in Syria Syria Central Agency of Statistics (2004 Census) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Name | Province | Pop. | Rank | Name | Province | Pop. | ||
 Aleppo  Damascus | 1 | Aleppo | Aleppo Governorate | 2,132,100 | 11 | Tartus | Tartus Governorate | 115,769 |  Homs  Latakia |
| two | Damascus | Damascus | 1,552,161 | 12 | Jaramana | Rif Dimashq Governorate | 114,363 | ||
| 3 | Homs | Homs Governorate | 652,609 | 13 | Douma, Syria | Rif Dimashq Governorate | 110,893 | ||
| iv | Latakia | Latakia Governorate | 383,786 | 14 | Manbij | Aleppo Governorate | 99,497 | ||
| 5 | Hama | Hama Governorate | 312,994 | 15 | Idlib | Idlib Governorate | 98,791 | ||
| 6 | Raqqa | Raqqa Governorate | 220,488 | 16 | Daraa | Daraa Governorate | 97,969 | ||
| vii | Deir ez-Zor | Deir ez-Zor Governorate | 211,857 | 17 | Al-Hajar al-Aswad | Rif Dimashq Governorate | 84,948 | ||
| 8 | Hasakah | Al-Hasakah Governorate | 188,160 | 18 | Darayya | Rif Dimashq Governorate | 78,763 | ||
| 9 | Qamishli | Al-Hasakah Governorate | 184,231 | 19 | Suwayda | As-Suwayda Governorate | 73,641 | ||
| 10 | Sayyidah Zaynab | Rif Dimashq Governorate | 136,427 | 20 | Al-Thawrah | Raqqa Governorate | 69,425 | ||
Urbanization [edit]
This information is from CIA Globe Factbook:[43]
Urban population: 54.2% of total population (2018)
Rate of urbanization: i.43% annual rate of modify (2015-xx est.)
Major urban areas [edit]
Every bit of 2018; this data is from CIA Globe Factbook:[43]
Damascus (majuscule): 2.32 million
Aleppo: 1.754 million
Homs: ane.295 million
Hama: 894,000
Race and ethnicity [edit]
On 1 January 2011, Syria was estimated to accept a population of 24 million people, distributed over its 14 governorates.[48] Arabs represent 80-85% of the population, with the rest being a mixture of many ethnic and religious sects, as shown in the table below:
| Indigenous and religious groups | % of Syrian population[48] | Notes[48] |
|---|---|---|
| Syrian Arabs | 80–85% | The Arabs form the majority in all districts except for the Al-Hasakah Governorate. |
| Kurds | 10% | The majority of Kurds are Sunni Muslims, with a Yazidi minority; concentrated in Syrian Kurdistan region and major urban centres outside that region. |
| Turkmen/Turkoman | 4–5% | Descendants of indigenous Turks, rather than Turkmens. These figures exclude the Arabic-speaking Turks. Only approximately 30% of Turkmen speak a Turkic language. The majority are Sunni Muslims. |
| Assyrians | 3–four% | Most Assyrians are Christians. |
| Circassians | one.5% | The majority of Circassians are Sunni Muslims. |
| Armenians | 1% | The majority of Armenians are Christians. |
| Smaller groups of Albanians, Greeks, Persians and Chechens, among others | <0.9% (combined) | A significant number of these indigenous groups are Arabized, particularly those that adhere to Islam. |
The CIA World Factbook cites the following figures for ethnic groups equally at July 2018: approximately Arab 50%, Alawite 15%, Kurd 10%, Levantine 10%, other 15% (includes Druze, Ismaili, Imami, Nusairi, Assyrian, Turkmen, Armenian and Chechens).[5] However, Professor John A. Shoup said in 2018 that Kurds made ix% of the population, followed past Turkish-speaking Turkmen comprising 4-five% , Assyrians 4%, Armenians 2%, and Circassians about 1% of the total population.[49]
Religion in Syria (est. 2021)[50]
There has been no Syrian census including a question about religion since 1960, these are thus the last official statistics bachelor:[51]
In 1991 Professor Alasdair Drysdale and Professor Raymond Hinnebusch said that some 85% of Syrians were Muslims and that the residuum were about all Christians, notwithstanding, both religious groups were subdivided into many ethnic sects.[52] Amidst the former, approximately 75% of Syrians were Sunni Muslim, of whom, 60% were Standard arabic-speaking and the remainder of Sunnis included Kurds eight.v%, Turkmen/Turkoman 3%, and Circassians (less than 1%).[52] In add-on, Alawis formed 5.5%, Druze 3% and Ismailis 1.5% of the population. In regards to the Christians, they were subdivided into the Greek Orthodox 4.seven%, Armenians 4% and Assyrians i%.[52]
According to Pierre Beckouche, earlier 2011, Sunni Muslims accounted for 78% of Syria'due south population, which included 500,000 Palestinian refugees and the non-Arab Sunni Muslims, namely the Kurds nine-x% and the Turkmen/Turkoman four%.[53] Other Muslims included Shias and Alawites 11%-sixteen%, whilst the Christians fabricated up 6% of the population.[53] There were as well a few Jewish communities in Aleppo and Damascus.[53]
The CIA World Factbook cites the following figures for religious groups: religions - Muslim 87% (official; includes Sunni 74% and Alawi, Ismaili, and Shia xiii%), Christian 10% (mainly of the Greek Orthodox and Greek Catholic churches[54] - may be smaller equally a result of Christians fleeing the country), Druze 3%.[5]
The first census which focused on the sectarian distribution was carried out in 1932 under the French mandate, however, this demography was just carried out in the lands nether the short-lived Regime of Latakia (the Alawite State established by the French) which covered but 7,000 kmii (ii,700 sq mi) out of modern Syrian arab republic'due south total expanse of 185,000 kmtwo (71,000 sq mi).[55] A full general demography of Syria in 1943 gave details of religious groups of the population and the rate of growth of each and estimates of the population in 1953 from an unnamed source were every bit follows:
| 1943 census[55] [56] | 1953 demography[55] | Growth[55] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sunnis | 1,971,053 (68.91%) | two,578,810 (seventy.54%) | 31% |
| Shi'ites | 12,742 (0.45%) | 14,887 (0.41%) | 17% |
| Alawites | 325,311 (11.37%) | 398,445 (10.90%) | 22% |
| Ismailis | 28,527 (1.00%) | 36,745 (1.01%) | 29% |
| Druze | 87,184 (3.05%) | 113,318 (3.10%) | 30% |
| Yezidi | 2,788 (0.10%) | 3,082 (0.08%) | xi% |
| Total Muslims | ii,427,605 (84.87%) | three,145,287 (86.03%) | 30% |
| Jews | 29,770 (1.04%) | 31,647 (0.87%) | 6% |
| Christians | 403,036 (14.09%) | 478,970 (13.10%) | 19% |
Literacy rate [edit]
Educational activity is free and compulsory from ages half dozen to 11. Schooling consists of 6 years of master education followed by a three-year general or vocational training menses and a iii-year academic or vocational program. The 2nd 3-year period of academic training is required for academy admission. Total enrollment at post-secondary schools is over 150,000. The literacy rate of Syrians aged 15 and older is 86.0% for males and 73.vi% for females.[57]
Languages [edit]
Standard arabic is the official, and virtually widely spoken, language. Standard arabic speakers make up 85% of the population. Several modern Standard arabic dialects are used in everyday life, most notably Levantine in the westward and Mesopotamian in the northeast. A report published by the UNHCR points out that "while the bulk of Syrians are considered Arabs, this is a term based on spoken communication (Arabic), not ethnicity."[58]
Co-ordinate to The Encyclopedia of Standard arabic Language and Linguistics, in addition to Arabic, the post-obit languages are spoken in the country, in gild of the number of speakers: Kurdish,[59] Turkish,[59] Neo-Aramaic (iv dialects),[59] Circassian,[59] Chechen,[59] Armenian,[59] and finally Greek.[59] None of these languages have official condition.[59]
Many educated Syrians also speak English and French.[60] [61]
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Arabs constitute the major indigenous grouping in Syria, making up betwixt 80 and 85% of the population.
Kurds are the second largest indigenous grouping in Syria, making up around ten% of the Syrian population and distributed among 4 regions...with a Yazidi minority that numbers around 40,000...
Turkmen are the tertiary largest ethnic group in Syria, making up effectually 4–v% of the population. Some estimations indicate that they are the second biggest group, outnumbering Kurds, drawing on the fact that Turkmen are divided into 2 groups: the rural Turkmen who make upwards thirty% of the Turkmen in Syria and who have kept their mother tongue, and the urban Turkmen who have get Arabized and no longer speak their mother linguistic communication...
Assyrians are the 4th largest ethnic group in Syria. They represent the original and oldest inhabitants of Syria, today making up effectually 3–4% of the Syrian population...
Circassians are the fifth largest ethnic group in Syria, making up effectually 1.5% of the population...
Armenians are sixth largest ethnic group in Syria, making up effectually 1% of the population...
In that location are besides a small-scale number of other ethnic groups in Syria, including Greek, Farsi, Albanian, Bosnian, Pashtun, Russian, and Azerbaijani cluster people... - ^ Shoup, John A. (2018), The History of Syria, ABC-CLIO, p. 6, ISBN978-1440858352,
Syria has several other indigenous groups, the Kurds... they make upward an estimated 9 per centum...Turkomen comprise effectually 4-v percent of the total population. The residue of the ethnic mix of Syria is made of Assyrians (about 4 percent), Armenians (about two percent), and Circassians (about ane percent).
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Given the lack of accurate census data, information technology is only possible to guess the ethnic and religious composition of the current Syrian population. While the majority of Syrians are considered Arabs, this is a term based on spoken language (Arabic), not ethnicity. Around nine to x percentage of Syria's population is Kurdish (close to two meg people), followed past Turkmen,...
- ^ a b c d e f g h Behnstedt, Peter (2008), "Syria", in Versteegh, Kees; Eid, Mushira; Elgibali, Alaa; Woidich, Manfred; Zaborski, Andrzej (eds.), Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, vol. iv, Brill Publishers, p. 402, ISBN978-xc-04-14476-7
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External links [edit]
- Syrian Arab Democracy: 2004 Census Data, Humanitarian Response, United nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Syria
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